Adaptation of Candida albicans to environmental pH induces cell wall remodelling and enhances innate immune recognition
Fig 9
Adaptation to acidic environments increases immune recognition.
C. albicans was grown in YPD at the appropriate pH to mid-log phase, co-incubated with a) J774.1A macrophages b) neutrophils at an MOI = 5 for 1 h and the rate of phagocytosis determined. Data represent the mean ± SEM from four independent repeats. PBMCs were incubated with PFA fixed mid-log phase wild type C. albicans cells (NGY152), at an MOI of 0.5 for 24 h. Cytokine secretion was quantified by ELISA, c) TNFα, d) IL-6, e) IL-1β, f) IFNγ. Data represent the mean ± SEM from six donors (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001).