Structure and Recognition of a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape
Fig 2
Escape mutations from CAP248-2B accumulate in the gp120 C terminus.
(A) Sequence alignment of the gp120 C-terminus (positions 500–511) from CAP248 autologous viruses at nine weeks (study enrolment), 1, 2, 3 and 3.5 years post-infection. The primary (position 511) and secondary (position 504) gp160 cleavage sites are indicated with arrows. The total number of viruses with identical amino acid sequence within this region are indicated in brackets to the right. Residues undergoing significant selection pressure are indicated with the asterisks. (B) Sequence logograms showing variation within the gp120 C-terminus for all clades, and clade C only, from the LANL HIV sequence database, as well as from CAP248-2B at 3.5 years post-infection, colored and labelled as in A. The global frequencies for each of the autologous mutations identified in CAP248 sequences were: 500 (E8.88%, K46.56%, G3.56%), 502 (K79.35%, R18.73%, Q1.37%), 505 (V98.98%, A0.55%, M0.08%, L<0.01%), 507 (E47.5%, G3.87%, A0.7%), 508 (R98.24%, K1.49%), 509 (E95.11%, G1.53%, A0.27%). (C) Neutralization by CAP248-2B of the heterologous strain CAP45, when compared to gp120 C-terminal mutant viruses with changes identified from autologous CAP248 Env sequences. Data was plotted as percent inhibition (y-axis) against antibody concentration (x-axis). The wild-type virus is shown in black. Dotted lines indicate y-axis intersections for IC80, IC50, and IC20. (D) Neutralization by CAP248-2B of CAP45 wild-type and mutant viruses with the additional gp41 changes identified from CAP248 autologous sequences, plotted as in C. (E) Binding to cleaved (solid bars) or uncleaved (speckled bars) cell-surface expressed Env measured by flow cytometry. Median fluorescence intensity (MFI) is shown on the y-axis, and Palivizumab was used as an HIV-1 negative control. (F) An SDS-PAGE gel of a single SOSIP trimer sample that was divided into two and subsequently captured from suspension by either CAP248-2B or CAP256-VRC26.09. Samples were run in the presence or absence of dithiothreitol (DTT) to assess the level of furin cleavage.