Aspartyl Proteinases of Eukaryotic Microbial Pathogens: From Eating to Heating
Fig 3
The proposed view of Sap-induced inflammasome activation and inflammasome-dependent cytokine production.
Sap2 and Sap6 activate the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway through an early cascade of events, causing upstream NLRP3 inflammasome activation and downstream caspase-1-mediated cytokine production. Late events depend on Sap endocytosis inducing the translocation of NF-κB (p50/p65) into the nucleus, pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 synthesis, then (through type I IFN production) caspase-11 activation that cooperates with the NLRP3 inflammasome in triggering downstream caspase-1-mediated cytokine production. For details about this proposed scheme of Sap/inflammasome/caspases activation, see [38], [39], and [42].