Fungal Chitin Dampens Inflammation through IL-10 Induction Mediated by NOD2 and TLR9 Activation
Figure 2
Chitin induced cytokines and synergistic effect on IL-10 secretion.
(A) Cytokine induction in hPBMCs incubated with chitin for 24 h, n = 6, ***p<0.001. (B) Cytokine induction in mBMMφ's incubated with chitin for 24 h, n = 4, *p<0.05. (C) IL-10 and TNF induction after 24 h in mBMMφs incubated with increasing chitin concentrations, n = 4, ***p<0.001 for IL-10, °°°p<0.001 for TNF compared to untreated control. (D) IL-10 and TNF induction in hPBMCs incubated with chitin isolated from different species, n = 3, *p<0.05, **p<0.01. (E) Co-incubation of hPBMCs with either LPS, zymosan, curdlan, Pam3CSK4, flagellin, CpG ODN or C. albicans cell wall proteins (CWPs) and chitin, n = 6, *p<0.05. All data are presented as mean values ± SEM.