The Th17/Treg Ratio, IL-1RA and sCD14 Levels in Primary HIV Infection Predict the T-cell Activation Set Point in the Absence of Systemic Microbial Translocation
Figure 2
Expression of chemokine receptors by Th17 cells during primary HIV infection.
Th1 and Th17 cells were assessed after 5 h PMA/ionomycin stimulation of fresh isolated CD4 T cells and defined by the expression of IFN-γ and IL-2 (Th1) or IL-17 (Th17). In each datasets, horizontal lines indicate the medians. Panels A-D show results at baseline; panel E illustrates both baseline and month 6 measurements. (Panel A) Frequency of CCR4, CCR6 and CXCR3 among bulk CD4 T cells, Th1 cells and Th17 cells. (Panel B) Correlation between the proportion of CCR6 expressing CD4 T cells and the Th17 frequency. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients ‘R’ and corresponding p values are indicated. (Panel C) Expression of CCR4, CCR6 and CXCR3 among Th17 cells in patients with high (>median) and low (<median) viral load at baseline. Median plasma HIV-RNA level was 5.65 log copies/mL. P values according to Mann-Whitney tests are indicated. (Panel D) Correlation between CCR6 expression on Th17 cells and plasma viral load. (Panel E) Expression of CCR6, coexpression of CCR6 and CXCR3 or CCR4 on Th17 cells at baseline and month 6 of follow-up. Wilcoxon rank tests were performed and p values are indicated.