Convergence and Divergence in the Evolution of the APOBEC3G-Vif Interaction Reveal Ancient Origins of Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses
Figure 2
Adaptive evolution of A3G at codons 128 and 130 allows escape from Vif-mediated antagonism.
Single-round infectivity assays were performed with HIV-1ΔVif and HIV-1 expressing SIV Vif proteins produced in the presence of A3G variants from monkeys of the Cercopithecus genus in (A) and (C). Infectivity of viruses is reported as a percentage, relative to infectivity in the absence of A3G (100%). Error bars indicate standard deviation from the mean of two independent transfection experiments (six infection replicates in total). The Vif binding site of each A3G variant is depicted in grey boxes. (A) and (C) The primate A3G gene used is listed under the graph, while the source of the Vif genes were either no Vif (black box), SIVagm.ver (orange), SIVagm.sab (yellow), SIVdeb (blue), SIVagm.gri (green), or SIVmus-1 (golden). Anti-HA western blot analysis was used to measure A3G expression in virus producer cells in (B) and (D). Anti-ß-actin served as protein loading controls.