Pseudomonas aeruginosa Suppresses Host Immunity by Activating the DAF-2 Insulin-Like Signaling Pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans
Figure 5
Insulin-like signaling is required for the delocalization of nuclear DAF-16 during P. aeruginosa infection.
(A) Proportion of daf-2(e1370); DAF-16::GFP worms exposed to OP50-1 or PA14 categorized as showing either predominately nuclear localized (“nuclear”) or predominately “delocalized” DAF-16::GFP. No nuclear delocalization is observed in daf-2(e1370) mutants. (B) Expression of insulin-like genes ins-11 and ins-7 in wildtype worms exposed to OP50-1, PA14, PA14 gacA, V583, and SL1344. (C) Proportion of worms in a population categorized as either showing predominately nuclear localized (“nuclear”) or predominately “delocalized” DAF-16::GFP. RNAi knockdown of ins-11, ins-7 or vector control RNAi shown. (D) Proportion of DAF-16::GFP and DAF-16::GFP;ins-7(tm1907) worms in a population categorized as either showing predominately nuclear localized (“nuclear”) or predominately “delocalized” DAF-16::GFP. *** Fisher's exact test, p<0.0001.