TRIM21 blocks DDX3X-driven stress granule formation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection via a non-canonical E3 ligase mechanism

Ruiyao Xu; Mengru Lu; Gaoyan Wang; Ximeng Zhang; Yuxing Huang; Yu Wang; Qing Yu; Yaxuan Wang; Dan Chen; Yunlong Hu; Chenyan Shi; Yi Cai; Li Fu; Xinchun Chen; Youchao Dai

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1014553

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

TRIM21 blocks DDX3X-driven stress granule formation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection via a non-canonical E3 ligase mechanism

Ruiyao Xu,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3005-1728

⨯
Mengru Lu,

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Guangzhou Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
⨯
Gaoyan Wang,

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Validation

Affiliation Guangzhou Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
⨯
Ximeng Zhang,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
⨯
Yuxing Huang,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Guangzhou Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
⨯
Yu Wang,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
⨯
Qing Yu,

Roles Data curation

Affiliation Guangzhou Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
⨯
Yaxuan Wang,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Guangzhou Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
⨯
Dan Chen,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
⨯
Yunlong Hu,

Roles Methodology

Affiliation Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
⨯
Chenyan Shi,

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
⨯
Yi Cai,

Roles Project administration

Affiliation Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
⨯
Li Fu ,

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision

* E-mail: gracelfu@szu.edu.cn (LF); chenxinchun@szu.edu.cn (XC); daiyouchao@gzhmu.edu.cn (YD)

Affiliation Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
⨯
Xinchun Chen ,

Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision

* E-mail: gracelfu@szu.edu.cn (LF); chenxinchun@szu.edu.cn (XC); daiyouchao@gzhmu.edu.cn (YD)

Affiliation Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
⨯
Youchao Dai

Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: gracelfu@szu.edu.cn (LF); chenxinchun@szu.edu.cn (XC); daiyouchao@gzhmu.edu.cn (YD)

Affiliation Guangzhou Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
⨯

TRIM21 blocks DDX3X-driven stress granule formation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection via a non-canonical E3 ligase mechanism

Ruiyao Xu,
Mengru Lu,
Gaoyan Wang,
Ximeng Zhang,
Yuxing Huang,
Yu Wang,
Qing Yu,
Yaxuan Wang,
Dan Chen,
Yunlong Hu

Published: September 8, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1014553

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