Spatial dynamics of viral replication drive biphasic lymphoid activation and systemic alphavirus immune responses

• Melaina L. Jacoby,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Immunology and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3372-4491

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• Chengqun Sun,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Immunology and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Jessica L. Farren,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Immunology and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Michelle M. Marti,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Alyssa L. Lee,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America

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• Thomas Donovan,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Division of Health Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Robyn S. Klein,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Departments of Internal Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Western Institute of Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

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• Dhivyaa Rajasundaram,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Division of Health Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• William B. Klimstra

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: Klimstra@pitt.edu

  Affiliation Department of Immunology and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4506-7842

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