Accumulation of mutations in nsp4, E, and the S2 subunit underlies mammalian cell tropism expansion and virulence attenuation of avian coronavirus

• Yingfei Li ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Yingfei Li, Xuehui Zhang

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  Affiliations State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing China, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing China

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• Xuehui Zhang ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Yingfei Li, Xuehui Zhang

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing China

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• Rong Liang,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software

  Affiliations State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing China, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing China

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• Ruotong Li,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software

  Affiliations State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing China, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing China

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• Ruihua Yang,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft

  Affiliations State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing China, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing China

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• Liwei Zhang,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliations State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing China, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing China

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• Ye Zhao,

  Roles Formal analysis, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  Affiliations State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing China, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing China

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• Guozhong Zhang ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: zhanggz@cau.edu.cn (GZ); zhaoj@cau.edu.cn (JZ)

  Affiliations State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing China, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing China

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8200-312X

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• Jing Zhao

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: zhanggz@cau.edu.cn (GZ); zhaoj@cau.edu.cn (JZ)

  Affiliations State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing China, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing China

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