Regulatory diversity in Bacillus thuringiensis cry genes reveals flexible evolutionary strategies for in vivo toxin expression

Isabel Gómez; Blanca I. Garcia-Gómez; Nathaly A. do Nascimento; Oscar Infante; Pablo Emiliano Cantón; Sabino Pacheco; Angel E. Peláez-Aguilar; Jorge Sanchez; Mario Soberón; Alejandra Bravo

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1014017

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Regulatory diversity in Bacillus thuringiensis cry genes reveals flexible evolutionary strategies for in vivo toxin expression

Isabel Gómez ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Isabel Gómez, Blanca I. Garcia-Gómez, Nathaly A. do Nascimento

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
⨯
Blanca I. Garcia-Gómez ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Isabel Gómez, Blanca I. Garcia-Gómez, Nathaly A. do Nascimento

Affiliation Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
⨯
Nathaly A. do Nascimento ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Isabel Gómez, Blanca I. Garcia-Gómez, Nathaly A. do Nascimento

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
⨯
Oscar Infante,

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation

Affiliation Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
⨯
Pablo Emiliano Cantón,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
⨯
Sabino Pacheco,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
⨯
Angel E. Peláez-Aguilar,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
⨯
Jorge Sanchez,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
⨯
Mario Soberón,

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
⨯
Alejandra Bravo

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – original draft

* E-mail: alejandra.bravo@ibt.unam.mx

Affiliation Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-7475

⨯

Regulatory diversity in Bacillus thuringiensis cry genes reveals flexible evolutionary strategies for in vivo toxin expression

Isabel Gómez,
Blanca I. Garcia-Gómez,
Nathaly A. do Nascimento,
Oscar Infante,
Pablo Emiliano Cantón,
Sabino Pacheco,
Angel E. Peláez-Aguilar,
Jorge Sanchez,
Mario Soberón,
Alejandra Bravo

Published: March 4, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1014017

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Sequence motif analysis
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Gene regulation
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Larvae
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Toxins
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Evolutionary genetics
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Gene expression
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Promoter regions
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