Informed mutation of western equine encephalitis virus to heparan sulfate binding: Implications for rational design of alphavirus live attenuated vaccines

• Tetyana Lukash,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4939-9222

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• Shishir Poudyal,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America

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• Theron C. Gilliland Jr.,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Thomas Klose,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America

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• Chengqun Sun,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Shauna N. Vasilatos,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Jessica L. Farren,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Long Kwan Metthew Lam,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Richard J. Kuhn,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America

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• William B. Klimstra

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: Klimstra@pitt.edu

  Affiliation Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4506-7842

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