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Open Access
Peer-reviewed
Research Article
The hemagglutinin-like proteins of basal vertebrate influenza-like viruses exhibit sialic-acid receptor binding disparity and their structural bases
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Di Zhang ,
Contributed equally to this work with: Di Zhang, Kefang Liu
Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – original draft
Affiliations Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China, Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, China, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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Kefang Liu ,
Contributed equally to this work with: Di Zhang, Kefang Liu
Roles Formal analysis, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, China, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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Yufeng Xie,
Roles Methodology
Affiliation Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Junqing Sun,
Roles Methodology
Affiliation CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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Wei Zhang,
Roles Resources
Affiliation Core Facility, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Haixia Xiao,
Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, China
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Yi Shi,
Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, China, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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William J. Liu,
Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation NHC Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
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George F. Gao,
Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, China, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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Chuxia Deng ,
Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing
* E-mail: cxdeng@um.edu.mo (CD); gaofeng@tib.cas.cn (FG)
Affiliation Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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Feng Gao
Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing
* E-mail: cxdeng@um.edu.mo (CD); gaofeng@tib.cas.cn (FG)
Affiliations Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, China, Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, China
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The hemagglutinin-like proteins of basal vertebrate influenza-like viruses exhibit sialic-acid receptor binding disparity and their structural bases
- Di Zhang,
- Kefang Liu,
- Yufeng Xie,
- Junqing Sun,
- Wei Zhang,
- Haixia Xiao,
- Yi Shi,
- William J. Liu,
- George F. Gao,
- Chuxia Deng
- Published: November 26, 2025
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1013640