Systematic assessment of COVID-19 host genetics using whole genome sequencing data

• Axel Schmidt,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany, Department of Pediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9780-7243

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• Nicolas Casadei,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations DFG NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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• Fabian Brand,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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• German Demidov,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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• Elaheh Vojgani,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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• Ayda Abolhassani,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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• Rana Aldisi,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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• Guillaume Butler-Laporte,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

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• DeCOI host genetics group ,

  ¶Membership of DeCOI host genetics group is provided in Supporting Information file S15 Table.

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• T. Madhusankha Alawathurage,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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• Max Augustin,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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• Robert Bals,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine V, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany

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• Carla Bellinghausen,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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• Marc Moritz Berger,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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• Michael Bitzer,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center for Personalized Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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• Christian Bode,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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• Jannik Boos,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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• Thorsten Brenner,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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• Oliver A. Cornely,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Clinical Trials Center Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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• Thomas Eggermann,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

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• Johanna Erber,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

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• Torsten Feldt,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany

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• Christian Fuchsberger,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine, Bolzano, Italy

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• Julien Gagneur,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany

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• Siri Göpel,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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• Tobias Haack,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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• Helene Häberle,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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• Frank Hanses,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department for Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, Emergency Department, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

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• Julia Heggemann,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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• Ute Hehr,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Human Genetics Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

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• Johannes C. Hellmuth,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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• Christian Herr,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine V, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany

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• Anke Hinney,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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• Per Hoffmann,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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• Thomas Illig,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

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• Björn-Erik Ole Jensen,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany

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• Verena Keitel,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany

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• Sarah Kim-Hellmuth,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany

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• Philipp Koehler,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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• Ingo Kurth,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

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• Anna-Lisa Lanz,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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• Eicke Latz,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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• Clara Lehmann,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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• Tom Luedde,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany

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• Carlo Maj,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Human Genetics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany

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• Michael Mian,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Service for Innovation, Research and Teaching, (SABES-ASDAA), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy; Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical University

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• Abigail Miller,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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• Maximilian Muenchhoff,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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• Isabell Pink,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

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• Ulrike Protzer,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations German Center for Infection research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany, Institute of Virology, Technical University Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany

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• Hana Rohn,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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• Jan Rybniker,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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• Federica Scaggiante,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica di Bressanone, Hospital of Bressanone (SABES-ASDAA), Bressanone-Brixen, Italy; Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical University

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• Anna Schaffeldt,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

  https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6614-123X

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• Clemens Scherer,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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• Maximilian Schieck,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

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• Susanne V. Schmidt,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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• Philipp Schommers,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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• Christoph D. Spinner,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, German Center for Infection research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany

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• Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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• Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam

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• Sonja Volland,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

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• Sibylle Wilfling,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center for Human Genetics Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, Department of Neurology, Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

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• Christof Winter,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

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• J. Brent Richards,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, 5 Prime Sciences Inc, Montréal, Québec, Canada, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, Department of Twin Research, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom, Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada

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• DeCOI ,

  ¶Membership of DeCOI is provided in Supporting Information file S16 Table.

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• André Heimbach,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany, NGS Core Facility Bonn, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

  ⨯
• Kerstin Becker,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, West German Genome Center ‐ Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

  ⨯
• Stephan Ossowski,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

  ⨯
• Joachim L. Schultze,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) e.V. and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) e.V., Bonn, Germany

  ⨯
• Peter Nürnberg,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

  ⨯
• Markus M. Nöthen,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

  ⨯
• Susanne Motameny,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – original draft

  Affiliations Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, West German Genome Center ‐ Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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• Michael Nothnagel,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

  ⨯
• Olaf Riess,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations DFG NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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• Eva C. Schulte ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Eva C. Schulte, Kerstin U. Ludwig

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  Affiliations Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany, Institute of Virology, Technical University Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany, Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Munich, Munich, Germany, Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University of Munich, Munich, Germany

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•  [ ... ],
• Kerstin U. Ludwig

  Contributed equally to this work with: Eva C. Schulte, Kerstin U. Ludwig

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: kerstin.ludwig@uni-bonn.de

  Affiliation Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8541-2519

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