Nanobodies against C. difficile TcdA and TcdB reveal unexpected neutralizing epitopes and provide a toolkit for toxin quantitation in vivo

• Shannon L. Kordus ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Shannon L. Kordus, Heather K. Kroh

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

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• Heather K. Kroh ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Shannon L. Kordus, Heather K. Kroh

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

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• Rubén Cano Rodríguez,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

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• Rebecca A. Shrem,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

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• F. Christopher Peritore-Galve,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

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• John A. Shupe,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

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• Brian E. Wadzinski,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

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• D. Borden Lacy,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

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• Benjamin W. Spiller

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: benjamin.spiller@vanderbilt.edu

  Affiliations Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5397-1028

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