Ecological divergence of wild birds drives avian influenza spillover and global spread

• Nichola J. Hill ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: nichola.hill@umb.edu

  Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3213-6693

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• Mary Anne Bishop,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Prince William Sound Science Center, Cordova, Alaska, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-0184

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• Nídia S. Trovão,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

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• Katherine M. Ineson,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliation U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Hadley, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8630-4691

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• Anne L. Schaefer,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliation Prince William Sound Science Center, Cordova, Alaska, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-9047

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• Wendy B. Puryear,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration

  Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1795-3399

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• Katherine Zhou,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliation College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America

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• Alexa D. Foss,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration

  Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4474-2076

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• Daniel E. Clark,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliation Division of Water Supply Protection, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, West Boylston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0206-2841

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• Kenneth G. MacKenzie,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliation Division of Water Supply Protection, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, West Boylston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-8526

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• Jonathon D. Gass Jr.,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0515-9091

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• Laura K. Borkenhagen,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-2609

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• Jeffrey S. Hall,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliation U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

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• Jonathan A. Runstadler

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America

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