Molecular dating and viral load growth rates suggested that the eclipse phase lasted about a week in HIV-1 infected adults in East Africa and Thailand

• Morgane Rolland ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Morgane Rolland, Sodsai Tovanabutra

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: mrolland@hivresearch.org

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3650-8490

  ⨯
• Sodsai Tovanabutra ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Morgane Rolland, Sodsai Tovanabutra

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Bethany Dearlove,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Yifan Li,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Christopher L. Owen,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0293-8601

  ⨯
• Eric Lewitus,

  Roles Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Eric Sanders-Buell,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Meera Bose,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-0958

  ⨯
• AnneMarie O’Sullivan,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Raabya Rossenkhan,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jan Phillipus Lourens Labuschagne,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1199-2768

  ⨯
• Paul T. Edlefsen,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Daniel B. Reeves,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5684-9538

  ⨯
• Gustavo Kijak,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Current address: GSK Vaccines, Rockville, MD, United States of America

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2746-9533

  ⨯
• Shana Miller,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Kultida Poltavee,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jenica Lee,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Lydia Bonar,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Elizabeth Harbolick,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Bahar Ahani,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Phuc Pham,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Hannah Kibuuka,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2293-1944

  ⨯
• Lucas Maganga,

  Roles Data curation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-0628

  ⨯
• Sorachai Nitayaphan,

  Roles Data curation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand

  ⨯
• Fred K. Sawe,

  Roles Data curation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute/U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Kenya-Henry Jackson Foundation MRI, Kericho, Kenya

  ⨯
• Leigh Anne Eller,

  Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2043-1513

  ⨯
• Robert Gramzinski,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration

  Affiliation U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jerome H. Kim,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0461-6438

  ⨯
• Nelson L. Michael,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Merlin L. Robb,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
•  [ ... ],
• the RV217 Study Team

  ¶Membership of the RV217 Study Team is listed in the Acknowledgments.

  ⨯
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