Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate-Early 1 Protein Rewires Upstream STAT3 to Downstream STAT1 Signaling Switching an IL6-Type to an IFNγ-Like Response

• Thomas Harwardt †,

  † Deceased.

  Affiliation Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

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• Simone Lukas,

  Current Address: Pieris Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Freising, Germany

  Affiliation Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

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• Marion Zenger,

  Current Address: Department of Anesthesia, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

  Affiliation Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

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• Tobias Reitberger,

  Current Address: Clinic for Anesthesia, Intensive Medicine and Pain Therapy, St. Vinzenz Hospital, Cologne, Germany

  Affiliation Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

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• Daniela Danzer,

  Current Address: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Asklepios Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany

  Affiliation Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

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• Theresa Übner,

  Current Address: Institut Virion\Serion GmbH, Würzburg, Germany

  Affiliation Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

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• Diane C. Munday,

  Affiliation Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom

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• Michael Nevels ,

  * E-mail: mmn3@st-andrews.ac.uk (MN); cp212@st-andrews.ac.uk (CP)

  ¶‡ MN and CP are joint senior authors of this work.

  Affiliations Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7115-407X

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• Christina Paulus

  * E-mail: mmn3@st-andrews.ac.uk (MN); cp212@st-andrews.ac.uk (CP)

  ¶‡ MN and CP are joint senior authors of this work.

  Affiliations Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom

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