Identification of Low- and High-Impact Hemagglutinin Amino Acid Substitutions That Drive Antigenic Drift of Influenza A(H1N1) Viruses

• William T. Harvey,

  Affiliation Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health and Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

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• Donald J. Benton,

  Affiliation The Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom (formerly WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Division of Virology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom)

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• Victoria Gregory,

  Affiliation The Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom (formerly WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Division of Virology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom)

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• James P. J. Hall,

  Current address: Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom

  Affiliation Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

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• Rodney S. Daniels,

  Affiliation The Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom (formerly WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Division of Virology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom)

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• Trevor Bedford,

  Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

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• Daniel T. Haydon,

  Affiliation Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health and Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

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• Alan J. Hay,

  Affiliation The Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom (formerly WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Division of Virology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom)

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• John W. McCauley,

  Affiliation The Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom (formerly WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Division of Virology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom)

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• Richard Reeve

  * E-mail: richard.reeve@glasgow.ac.uk

  Affiliations Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health and Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom

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