Programmed Ribosomal Frameshift Alters Expression of West Nile Virus Genes and Facilitates Virus Replication in Birds and Mosquitoes

• Ezequiel Balmori Melian ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ezequiel Balmori Melian, Sonja Hall-Mendelin

  Affiliation Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

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• Sonja Hall-Mendelin ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ezequiel Balmori Melian, Sonja Hall-Mendelin

  Affiliation Virology, Public and Environmental Health, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia

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• Fangyao Du,

  Affiliation Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

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• Nick Owens,

  Affiliation Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

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• Angela M. Bosco-Lauth,

  Affiliations Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America

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• Tomoko Nagasaki,

  Affiliation Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

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• Stephen Rudd,

  Affiliation Queensland Facility for Advanced Bioinformatics (QFAB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

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• Aaron C. Brault,

  Affiliation Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America

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• Richard A. Bowen,

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America

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• Roy A. Hall,

  Affiliation Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

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• Andrew F. van den Hurk,

  Affiliation Virology, Public and Environmental Health, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia

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• Alexander A. Khromykh

  * E-mail: a.khromykh@uq.edu.au

  Affiliation Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

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