Distinct Clones of Yersinia pestis Caused the Black Death

• Stephanie Haensch,

  Affiliation Institute for Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

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• Raffaella Bianucci,

  Affiliations Laboratory of Criminalistic Sciences Department of Anatomy, Pharmacology and Legal Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy, Unité d'Anthropologie Bioculturelle, Faculté de Medecine, University of Mediterranean-CNRS-EFS, Marseille, France

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• Michel Signoli,

  Affiliations Unité d'Anthropologie Bioculturelle, Faculté de Medecine, University of Mediterranean-CNRS-EFS, Marseille, France, Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-âge, UMR 6130 CNRS–250 University of Nice, Valbonne, France

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• Minoarisoa Rajerison,

  Affiliation Center for Plague, Institute Pasteur de Madagascar, World Health Organization Collaborating, Antananarivo, Madagascar

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• Michael Schultz,

  Affiliation Department of Anatomy and Embryology Medical Faculty, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany

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• Sacha Kacki,

  Affiliations Inrap, Villeneuve-d'Ascq Archaeological Center, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie des Populations du Passé, Université Bordeaux 1, Talence, France

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• Marco Vermunt,

  Affiliation Department of Monuments and Archaeology, Municipality of Bergen op Zoom, Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands

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• Darlene A. Weston,

  Affiliations Barge's Anthropologica, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Division of Archaeological Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom, Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany

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• Derek Hurst,

  Affiliation Worcestershire Historic Environment and Archaeology Service, Worcestershire County Council, Worcester, United Kingdom

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• Mark Achtman,

  Affiliation Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

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• Elisabeth Carniel,

  Affiliation Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

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• Barbara Bramanti

  * E-mail: bramanti@uni-mainz.de

  Affiliation Institute for Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

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