On the Diversity of Malaria Parasites in African Apes and the Origin of Plasmodium falciparum from Bonobos

• Sabrina Krief ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Sabrina Krief, Ananias A. Escalante

  Affiliation UMR 7206-USM 104, Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France

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• Ananias A. Escalante ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Sabrina Krief, Ananias A. Escalante

  * E-mail: Ananias.Escalante@asu.edu (AAE); georges.snounou@upmc.fr or gsnounou@gmail.com (GS)

  Affiliation School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

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• M. Andreina Pacheco,

  Affiliation School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

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• Lawrence Mugisha,

  Affiliation Chimpanzee Sanctuary & Wildlife Conservation Trust (CSWCT), Entebbe, Uganda

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• Claudine André,

  Affiliation Lola Ya Bonobo Bonobo Sanctuary, “Petites Chutes de la Lukaya”, Kimwenza–Mont Ngafula, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

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• Michel Halbwax,

  Affiliation Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany

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• Anne Fischer,

  Current address: African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya

  Affiliation Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany

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• Jean-Michel Krief,

  Affiliation Projet pour la Conservation des Grands Singes, Paris, France

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• John M. Kasenene,

  Affiliation Department of Botany, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Makerere University Biological Field Station, Fort Portal, Uganda

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• Mike Crandfield,

  Affiliation Research and Conservation Program, The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• Omar E. Cornejo,

  Affiliation Emory University, Program in Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

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• Jean-Marc Chavatte,

  Affiliation USM0307, Parasitologie Comparée et Modèles Expérimentaux, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France

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• Clara Lin,

  Affiliation Laboratory of Malaria Immunobiology, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore

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• Franck Letourneur,

  Affiliation Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France; INSERM U567, Paris, France

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• Anne Charlotte Grüner,

  Affiliations Laboratory of Malaria Immunobiology, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France; INSERM U567, Paris, France

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• Thomas F. McCutchan,

  Affiliation Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

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• Laurent Rénia,

  Affiliations Laboratory of Malaria Immunobiology, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France; INSERM U567, Paris, France

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•  [ ... ],
• Georges Snounou

  * E-mail: Ananias.Escalante@asu.edu (AAE); georges.snounou@upmc.fr or gsnounou@gmail.com (GS)

  Affiliations USM0307, Parasitologie Comparée et Modèles Expérimentaux, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, Laboratory of Malaria Immunobiology, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, INSERM UMR S 945, Paris, France, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France, Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore

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