About the Authors

Anais Nowakowski

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are co-first authors on this work. SCW and VR are co-managed the project.

Affiliation REHABS, International Research Laboratory, CNRS-NMU, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa

Eric Elguero

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are co-first authors on this work. SCW and VR are co-managed the project.

Affiliation Laboratory MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France

Katie Patterson

Roles Methodology

‡ These authors are co-first authors on this work. SCW and VR are co-managed the project.

Affiliation Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Anne Boissière

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Laboratory MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France, Laboratory Animal, Santé, Territoire, Risque, Ecosystème (ASTRE), UMR 117, Campus International de Baillarguet, CIRAD, Montpellier, France

Fanny Degrugillier

Roles Methodology

Affiliation Laboratory MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France

Christine Sidobre

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France

Celine Arnathau

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France

Pauline Grentzinger

Roles Methodology

Affiliation Sodepal, La Lékédi Park, Bakoumba, Gabon

Eric Willaume

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sodepal, La Lékédi Park, Bakoumba, Gabon

Arthur M. Talman

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France

Benoit Malleret

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science & Technology, Singapore, Singapore

Larson Boundenga

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations CIRMF, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon, Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom

Barthelemy Ngoubangoye

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation CIRMF, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon

Franck Prugnolle

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations REHABS, International Research Laboratory, CNRS-NMU, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa, Sustainability Research Unit, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa

Samuel C. Wassmer

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are co-first authors on this work. SCW and VR are co-managed the project.

Affiliation Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Virginie Rougeron

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

rougeron.virginie@gmail.com, virginie.rougeron@cnrs.fr

‡ These authors are co-first authors on this work. SCW and VR are co-managed the project.

Affiliations REHABS, International Research Laboratory, CNRS-NMU, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa, Sustainability Research Unit, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.