About the Authors

Abigail M Frey

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Gregory H. Babunovic

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Peter H. Culviner

Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Xin Wang

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ella Meirav

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation

Affiliation Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Mingyu Gan

Roles Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Junhao Zhu

Roles Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

D. Branch Moody

Roles Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Qingyun Liu

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Sarah M. Fortune

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

sfortune@hsph.harvard.edu

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: SMF receives compensation as a non-executive director of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). No ONT sequencing was performed in this study and this interest will not alter adherence to PLOS policies on sharing data and materials.