About the Authors

Jianyu Lai

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Hamed Sobhani

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Kristen K. Coleman

Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Shih-Han Sheldon Tai

Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Filbert Hong

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Isabel Sierra Maldonado

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Yi Esparza

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Kathleen M. McPhaul

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Shengwei Zhu

Roles Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Don L. DeVoe

Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America, Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Justin R. Ortiz

Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Shuo Chen

Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Temima Yellin

Roles Investigation, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America

Juan Manuel Carreno

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America

Florian Krammer

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America, Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America, Ignaz Semmelweis Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Infection Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Benjamin J. Cowling

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

Aubree Gordon

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Wilbur H. Chen

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Jelena Srebric

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Donald K. Milton

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

dmilton@umd.edu

Affiliations Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America, Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

for the EMIT-2 Study Team

A complete list of EMIT-2 Study Team members is provided in S1 Text.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.