About the Authors

Miguel I. Paredes

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

paredesm@uw.edu

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Amanda C. Perofsky

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Lauren Frisbie

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington, United States of America

Louise H. Moncla

Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pathobiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Pavitra Roychoudhury

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Hong Xie

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Shah A. Mohamed Bakhash

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Kevin Kong

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Isabel Arnould

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Tien V. Nguyen

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Seffir T. Wendm

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Pooneh Hajian

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Sean Ellis

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Patrick C. Mathias

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Alexander L. Greninger

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Lea M. Starita

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Chris D. Frazar

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Erica Ryke

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Weizhi Zhong

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Luis Gamboa

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Machiko Threlkeld

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Jover Lee

Roles Data curation, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Jeremy Stone

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Evan McDermot

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Melissa Truong

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Jay Shendure

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Hanna N. Oltean

Roles Data curation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington, United States of America

Cécile Viboud

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Helen Chu

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Nicola F. Müller

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are jointly supervised on this work.

Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Trevor Bedford

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are jointly supervised on this work.

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

ALG reported receiving contract testing from Abbott, Cepheid, Novavax, Pfizer, Janssen and Hologic and research support from Gilead and Merck, outside of the described work. HC reported consulting with Ellume, Pfizer, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Glaxo Smith Kline, and Merck. She has received research funding from Emergent Ventures, Gates Ventures, Sanofi Pasteur, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and research support and reagents from Ellume and Cepheid outside of the submitted work. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. All other authors declare no competing interests.