About the Authors

Elizabeth Ann L. Enninga

Contributed equally to this work with: Elizabeth Ann L. Enninga, Huy Quang Quach, Jin Sung Jang

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Huy Quang Quach

Contributed equally to this work with: Elizabeth Ann L. Enninga, Huy Quang Quach, Jin Sung Jang

Roles Data curation, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Jin Sung Jang

Contributed equally to this work with: Elizabeth Ann L. Enninga, Huy Quang Quach, Jin Sung Jang

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Maria Cristina Miranda de Araujo Correia

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Yaroslav Fedyshyn

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Children Research Center, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Bohdana Fedyshyn

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Maureen Lemens

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Dawn Littlefield

Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Children Research Center, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Supriya Behl

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Children Research Center, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Elise Sintim-Aboagye

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Children Research Center, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Maria C. Mejia Plazas

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Children Research Center, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Maria C. Cardenas

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Children Research Center, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Shree Chakraborty

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Children Research Center, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Satoko Yamaoka

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Hideki Ebihara

Roles Methodology

Affiliation Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Akhilesh Pandey

Roles Methodology

Affiliations Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America, Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Hu Li

Roles Methodology

Affiliation Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Andrew D. Badley

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Erica L. Johnson

Roles Methodology

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Jie Sun

Roles Methodology

Affiliations Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America, Carter Immunology Center University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Andrew P. Norgan

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Regan N. Theiler

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Rana Chakraborty

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

chakraborty.rana@mayo.edu

Affiliations Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America, Children Research Center, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Competing Interests

Dr. Theiler has research support and a know-how agreement with HeraMed and is a member of the Delfina Medical Advisory Board. Dr. Badley is a paid consultant for Abbvie, Gilead, Freedom Tunnel, Pinetree therapeutics Primmune, Immunome, MarPam, Rion, Symbiosis, NexImmune and Flambeau Diagnostics, is a paid member of the DSMB for Corvus Pharmaceuticals, Equilium, CSL Behring, and Excision Biotherapeutics, has received fees for speaking for Reach MD, Peer Voice, and Medscape, owns equity for scientific advisory work in Tier 1 Bio, Zentalis, Rion, and Nference, and is founder and President of Splissen therapeutics, and Member of the Board of Attivare. These activities have been reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest Review Board and are conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest policies. This research has been reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest Review Board and was conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest policies. Other authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.