About the Authors

Sakthivel Subramaniam

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Rafaelle Fares-Gusmao

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Shinya Sato

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

John M. Cullen

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America

Kazuyo Takeda

Roles Investigation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Microscopy and Imaging Core Facility, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Patrizia Farci

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

David R. McGivern

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

David.McGivern@fda.hhs.gov

Affiliation Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.