About the Authors

Nonhlanhla N. Mkhize

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

nonom@nicd.ac.za

Affiliations National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Anna E. J. Yssel

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Haajira Kaldine

Roles Investigation

Affiliations National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Rebecca T. van Dorsten

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization

Affiliations National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, South African Medical Research Council Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Amanda S. Woodward Davis

Roles Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Nicolas Beaume

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization

Affiliation Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

David Matten

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization

Affiliation Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Bronwen Lambson

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Tandile Modise

Roles Investigation

Affiliations National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Prudence Kgagudi

Roles Investigation

Affiliations National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Talita York

Roles Project administration

Affiliation Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Dylan H. Westfall

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Elena E. Giorgi

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Bette Korber

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology

Affiliation Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Colin Anthony

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation

Affiliation Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Rutendo E. Mapengo

Roles Investigation

Affiliations National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Valerie Bekker

Roles Investigation

Affiliation National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa

Elizabeth Domin

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Amanda Eaton

Roles Project administration

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Wenjie Deng

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Allan DeCamp

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology

Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Yunda Huang

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Peter B. Gilbert

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Asanda Gwashu-Nyangiwe

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Ruwayhida Thebus

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Nonkululeko Ndabambi

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Dieter Mielke

Roles Investigation

Affiliations Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Nyaradzo Mgodi

Roles Supervision

Affiliation University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences Clinical Trials Research Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe

Shelly Karuna

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Srilatha Edupuganti

Roles Supervision

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America

Michael S. Seaman

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Lawrence Corey

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources

Affiliations Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Myron S. Cohen

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North-Carolina, United States of America

John Hural

Roles Project administration

Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

M. Juliana McElrath

Roles Funding acquisition

Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

James I. Mullins

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

David Montefiori

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Penny L. Moore

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa

Carolyn Williamson

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa

Lynn Morris

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa

Competing Interests

The authors have no competing interests to declare.