About the Authors

Sherif A. El-Kafrawy

Contributed equally to this work with: Sherif A. El-Kafrawy, Aymn T. Abbas, Stanley Perlman, Alimuddin Zumla, Esam I. Azhar

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors joint first authors on this work.

Affiliations Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Abby Odle

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors joint first authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Aymn T. Abbas

Contributed equally to this work with: Sherif A. El-Kafrawy, Aymn T. Abbas, Stanley Perlman, Alimuddin Zumla, Esam I. Azhar

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

atabdalhadi@kau.edu.sa (ATA); eazhar@kau.edu.sa (EIA)

‡ These authors joint first authors on this work.

Affiliations Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Gastroenterology, Surgery Centre, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

Ahmed M. Hassan

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Umama A. Abdel-dayem

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Animal Facility Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Arooj K. Qureshi

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Lok-Yin Roy Wong

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Jian Zheng

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

David K. Meyerholz

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Stanley Perlman

Contributed equally to this work with: Sherif A. El-Kafrawy, Aymn T. Abbas, Stanley Perlman, Alimuddin Zumla, Esam I. Azhar

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Alimuddin Zumla

Contributed equally to this work with: Sherif A. El-Kafrawy, Aymn T. Abbas, Stanley Perlman, Alimuddin Zumla, Esam I. Azhar

Roles Data curation, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, United Kingdom, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom

Esam I. Azhar

Contributed equally to this work with: Sherif A. El-Kafrawy, Aymn T. Abbas, Stanley Perlman, Alimuddin Zumla, Esam I. Azhar

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

atabdalhadi@kau.edu.sa (ATA); eazhar@kau.edu.sa (EIA)

Affiliations Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.