About the Authors

Qibin Geng

Contributed equally to this work with: Qibin Geng, Wanbo Tai, Victoria K. Baxter

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, Center for Coronavirus Research, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

Wanbo Tai

Contributed equally to this work with: Qibin Geng, Wanbo Tai, Victoria K. Baxter

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America

Victoria K. Baxter

Contributed equally to this work with: Qibin Geng, Wanbo Tai, Victoria K. Baxter

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Division of Comparative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Juan Shi

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation

Affiliation Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America

Yushun Wan

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, Center for Coronavirus Research, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

Xiujuan Zhang

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation

Affiliation Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America

Stephanie A. Montgomery

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Sharon A. Taft-Benz

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Elizabeth J. Anderson

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliation Division of Comparative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Audrey C. Knight

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliation Division of Comparative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Kenneth H. Dinnon III

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Sarah R. Leist

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliation Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Ralph S. Baric

Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision

Affiliations Division of Comparative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Jian Shang

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, Center for Coronavirus Research, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

Sung-Wook Hong

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Aleksandra Drelich

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

Chien-Te K. Tseng

Roles Formal analysis, Resources, Supervision, Validation

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America

Marc Jenkins

Roles Formal analysis, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Mark Heise

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

mark_heisem@med.unc.edu (MH); ldu@nybc.org (LD); lifang@umn.edu (FL)

Affiliations Division of Comparative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Lanying Du

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

mark_heisem@med.unc.edu (MH); ldu@nybc.org (LD); lifang@umn.edu (FL)

Affiliation Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America

Fang Li

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft

mark_heisem@med.unc.edu (MH); ldu@nybc.org (LD); lifang@umn.edu (FL)

Affiliations Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, Center for Coronavirus Research, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

Competing Interests

We have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: The University of Minnesota has filed a patent on the lumazine synthase nanoparticle-based SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine with F.L, Q.G., Y.W., J.S., M.J., S.H., L.D. and T.W. as inventors. Other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.