About the Authors

Zhe Zhao

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Riku Fagerlund

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Helena Tossavainen

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

Kristina Hopfensperger

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

Rishikesh Lotke

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

Smitha Srinivasachar Badarinarayan

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

Frank Kirchhoff

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany

Perttu Permi

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

Kei Sato

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Daniel Sauter

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany

Kalle Saksela

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

kalle.saksela@helsinki.fi

Affiliation Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.