About the Authors

Min Zhao

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Pei-Yi Su

Roles Investigation, Validation

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Danielle A. Castro

Roles Investigation, Validation

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Therese N. Tripler

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Yingxia Hu

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Matthew Cook

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Albert I. Ko

Roles Resources

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Shelli F. Farhadian

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Benjamin Israelow

Roles Investigation, Validation

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Charles S. Dela Cruz

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Yong Xiong

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Richard E. Sutton

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

richard.sutton@yale.edu

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

the Yale IMPACT Research Team

Membership list of Yale IMPACT Research Team is provided in the acknowledgments

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: An invention disclosure has been filed with Yale University and the Department of Veteran’s Affairs regarding the cell fusion assay.