About the Authors

Ian Baudi

Contributed equally to this work with: Ian Baudi, Masanori Isogawa

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan

Masanori Isogawa

Contributed equally to this work with: Ian Baudi, Masanori Isogawa

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

nisogawa@niid.go.jp (MI); ytanaka@kumamoto-u.ac.jp (YT)

Affiliations Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan, Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Federica Moalli

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

Masaya Onishi

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan, Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan

Keigo Kawashima

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan

Yuji Ishida

Roles Data curation

Affiliations Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan, PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan

Chise Tateno

Roles Data curation

Affiliations Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan, PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan

Yusuke Sato

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Hideyoshi Harashima

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Hiroyasu Ito

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan

Tetsuya Ishikawa

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan

Takaji Wakita

Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Matteo Iannacone

Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

Yasuhito Tanaka

Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

nisogawa@niid.go.jp (MI); ytanaka@kumamoto-u.ac.jp (YT)

Affiliations Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.