About the Authors

Husam Taher

Contributed equally to this work with: Husam Taher, Eisa Mahyari

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Eisa Mahyari

Contributed equally to this work with: Husam Taher, Eisa Mahyari

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Craig Kreklywich

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Luke S. Uebelhoer

Roles Investigation

Current address: Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America

Affiliation Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Matthew R. McArdle

Roles Investigation

Current address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

Affiliation Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Matilda J. Moström

Roles Investigation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America

Amruta Bhusari

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Michael Nekorchuk

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization

Affiliations Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Xiaofei E

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Travis Whitmer

Roles Investigation

Current address: Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America

Affiliation Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Elizabeth A. Scheef

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America

Lesli M. Sprehe

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America

Dawn L. Roberts

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Colette M. Hughes

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Kerianne A. Jackson

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Andrea N. Selseth

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Abigail B. Ventura

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Hillary C. Cleveland-Rubeor

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Yujuan Yue

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Medical Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America

Kimberli A. Schmidt

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Medical Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America

Jason Shao

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Paul T. Edlefsen

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Jeremy Smedley

Roles Resources

Affiliation Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Timothy F. Kowalik

Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Richard J. Stanton

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Michael K. Axthelm

Roles Resources

Affiliation Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Jacob D. Estes

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Scott G. Hansen

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Amitinder Kaur

Roles Data curation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America

Peter A. Barry

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Medical Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America

Benjamin N. Bimber

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Louis J. Picker

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Daniel N. Streblow

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Klaus Früh

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Daniel Malouli

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

maloulid@ohsu.edu

Affiliation Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Competing Interests

OHSU and Drs. S.G.H., L.J.P., K.F. and D.M. have a significant financial interest in VirBiotechnology, Inc., a company that may have a commercial interest in the results of this research and technology. The potential individual and institutional conflicts of interest have been reviewed and managed by OHSU.