About the Authors

Jing Wang

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

Huanhuan Ma

Roles Investigation

Affiliation College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

Shan Zhao

Roles Investigation

Affiliation College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

Jianlei Huang

Roles Investigation

Affiliation College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

Yihua Yang

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Validation

Affiliation College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

Bruce E. Tabashnik

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America

Yidong Wu

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

wyd@njau.edu.cn

Affiliation College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

Competing Interests

Amvac, BASF, Bayer CropScience, DuPont Pioneer, Dow AgroSciences, and Monsanto did not provide funding to support this work, but may be affected financially by publication of this paper and have funded other work by Bruce Tabashnik. Bruce Tabashnik is coauthor of a patent on modified Bt toxins, "Suppression of Resistance in Insects to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry Toxins, Using Toxins that do not Require the Cadherin Receptor" (patent numbers: CA2690188A1, CN101730712A, EP2184293A2, EP2184293A4, EP2184293B1, WO2008150150A2, WO2008150150A3).