About the Authors

Luis Martinez-Sobrido

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Luis_Martinez@URMC.Rochester.edu, l.martinez@txbiomed.org (LM); Stacey.Schultz-Cherry@STJUDE.ORG (SS)

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Pilar Blanco-Lobo

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Laura Rodriguez

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology

Current address: Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios, Madrid, Spain.

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Theresa Fitzgerald

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology

Affiliation David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Hanyuan Zhang

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

Affiliations Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Phuong Nguyen

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology

Affiliation David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Christopher S. Anderson

Roles Formal analysis, Resources

Affiliation David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Jeanne Holden-Wiltse

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Visualization

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Sanjukta Bandyopadhyay

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Aitor Nogales

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Marta L. DeDiego

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources

Affiliation David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Brian R. Wasik

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America

Benjamin L. Miller

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Carole Henry

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Patrick C. Wilson

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Mark Y. Sangster

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis

Affiliation David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

John J. Treanor

Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

David J. Topham

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Lauren Byrd-Leotis

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

David A. Steinhauer

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Richard D. Cummings

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jasmina M. Luczo

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America

Stephen M. Tompkins

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America

Kaori Sakamoto

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Visualization

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America

Cheryl A. Jones

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology

Affiliation Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America

John Steel

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Anice C. Lowen

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Shamika Danzy

Roles Methodology

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Hui Tao

Roles Data curation, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Ashley L. Fink

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

Affiliation W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Sabra L. Klein

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Nicholas Wohlgemuth

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology

Affiliation W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Katherine J. Fenstermacher

Roles Methodology

Affiliation W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Farah el Najjar

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Andrew Pekosz

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Lauren Sauer

Roles Project administration, Resources

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Mitra K. Lewis

Roles Project administration

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Kathryn Shaw-Saliba

Roles Data curation, Project administration

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Richard E. Rothman

Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Zhen-Ying Liu

Roles Project administration, Supervision

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan

Kuan-Fu Chen

Roles Project administration, Supervision

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan

Colin R. Parrish

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America

Ian E. H. Voorhees

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America

Yoshihiro Kawaoka

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Gabriele Neumann

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Shiho Chiba

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources

Affiliation Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Shufang Fan

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources

Affiliation Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Masato Hatta

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Huihui Kong

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Gongxun Zhong

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Guojun Wang

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America

Melissa B. Uccellini

Roles Project administration

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America

Adolfo García-Sastre

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America

Daniel R. Perez

Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America

Lucas M. Ferreri

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America

Sander Herfst

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision

Affiliation Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Mathilde Richard

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Ron Fouchier

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

David Burke

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

David Pattinson

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis

Affiliation Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Derek J. Smith

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Victoria Meliopoulos

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Pamela Freiden

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Brandi Livingston

Roles Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Bridgett Sharp

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Sean Cherry

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Juan Carlos Dib

Roles Project administration, Resources, Supervision

Affiliation Tropical Health Foundation, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia

Guohua Yang

Roles Methodology

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Charles J. Russell

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Subrata Barman

Roles Methodology

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Richard J. Webby

Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Scott Krauss

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Angela Danner

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Karlie Woodard

Roles Methodology

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Malik Peiris

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China

R. A. P. M. Perera

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology

Affiliation School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China

M. C. W. Chan

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China

Elena A. Govorkova

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Bindumadhav M. Marathe

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Philippe N. Q. Pascua

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Gavin Smith

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore

Yao-Tsun Li

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis

Affiliation Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore

Paul G. Thomas

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Stacey Schultz-Cherry

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Luis_Martinez@URMC.Rochester.edu, l.martinez@txbiomed.org (LM); Stacey.Schultz-Cherry@STJUDE.ORG (SS)

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Competing Interests

AG-S. is inventor of patents on influenza virus vaccines owned by the Icahn School for Medicine at Mount Sinai and licensed to Medimmune, BI Vetmedica, Vivaldi Biosciences, Zoetis and Avimex.