About the Authors

Christopher J. R. Illingworth

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

chris.illingworth@gen.cam.ac.uk (CJRI); katrina.lythgoe@bdi.ox.ac.uk (KAL)

Affiliations Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

Jayna Raghwani

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

David Serwadda

Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision

Affiliation Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

Nelson K. Sewankambo

Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision

Affiliations Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, School of Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda

Merlin L. Robb

Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Michael A. Eller

Roles Project administration

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Andrew R. Redd

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Thomas C. Quinn

Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Baltimore Maryland, United States of America

Katrina A. Lythgoe

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

chris.illingworth@gen.cam.ac.uk (CJRI); katrina.lythgoe@bdi.ox.ac.uk (KAL)

Affiliations Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.