About the Authors

Kyong-Mi Chang

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

kmchang@pennmedicine.upenn.edu, Kyong-Mi.Chang@va.gov

Affiliations Medical Research, The Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia PA, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, United States of America

Daniel Traum

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation

Affiliations Medical Research, The Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia PA, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, United States of America

Jang-June Park

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization

Affiliations Medical Research, The Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia PA, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, United States of America

Suzanne Ho

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology

Affiliations Medical Research, The Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia PA, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, United States of America

Keisuke Ojiro

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation

Affiliations Medical Research, The Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia PA, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, United States of America

David K. Wong

Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Abdus S. Wahed

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh PA, United States of America

Norah A. Terrault

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA, United States of America

Mandana Khalili

Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA, United States of America

Richard K. Sterling

Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, United States of America

Harry L. A. Janssen

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Margaret C. Shuhart

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle WA, United States of America

Daryl T. Lau

Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA, United States of America

Lewis R. Roberts

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States of America

Geoffrey S. Johnson

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation

Affiliation University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh PA, United States of America

David E. Kaplan

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Medical Research, The Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia PA, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, United States of America

Michael R. Betts

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, United States of America

William M. Lee

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, United States of America

Anna S. F. Lok

Roles Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, United States of America

for the Hepatitis B Research Network (HBRN)

Membership of the Hepatitis B Research Network (HBRN) is listed in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

Anna S. F. Lok has received research grants (to the University of Michigan) from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead, and has served on advisory board of Gilead.