About the Authors

Marcus Buggert

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

marcus.buggert@ki.se (MB); betts@pennmedicine.upenn.edu (MRB)

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Center for Infection Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden

Son Nguyen

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Laura M. McLane

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Maria Steblyanko

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization

Affiliation Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Nadia Anikeeva

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization

Affiliation Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Dominic Paquin-Proulx

Roles Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Infection Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Perla M. Del Rio Estrada

Roles Resources

Affiliation Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico

Yuria Ablanedo-Terrazas

Roles Resources

Affiliation Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico

Kajsa Noyan

Roles Methodology

Affiliation Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Morgan A. Reuter

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Korey Demers

Roles Methodology

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Johan K. Sandberg

Roles Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Infection Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden

Michael A. Eller

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Hendrik Streeck

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America, Institute for HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Marianne Jansson

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Piotr Nowak

Roles Resources

Affiliations Center for Infection Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Anders Sönnerborg

Roles Resources

Affiliations Center for Infection Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

David H. Canaday

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America

Ali Naji

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

E. John Wherry

Roles Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Merlin L. Robb

Roles Resources

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Steven G. Deeks

Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States of America

Gustavo Reyes-Teran

Roles Funding acquisition, Resources

Affiliation Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico

Yuri Sykulev

Roles Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Annika C. Karlsson

Roles Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Michael R. Betts

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

marcus.buggert@ki.se (MB); betts@pennmedicine.upenn.edu (MRB)

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.