About the Authors

Vandana Sekhar

Contributed equally to this work with: Vandana Sekhar, Teresa Pollicino

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Teresa Pollicino

Contributed equally to this work with: Vandana Sekhar, Teresa Pollicino

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft

Affiliations Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

Giacomo Diaz

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

Ronald E. Engle

Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Farah Alayli

Roles Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Marta Melis

Roles Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Juraj Kabat

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Biological Imaging Facility/Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Ashley Tice

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Anna Pomerenke

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Nihal Altan-Bonnet

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Fausto Zamboni

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation

Affiliation Liver Transplantation Center, Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy

Paolo Lusso

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Suzanne U. Emerson

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Molecular Hepatitis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Patrizia Farci

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

pfarci@niaid.nih.gov

Affiliation Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.