About the Authors

Zoe Patterson Ross

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Jennifer Klunk

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

Gino Fornaciari

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Valentina Giuffra

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Sebastian Duchêne

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Ana T. Duggan

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

Debi Poinar

Roles Investigation, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

Mark W. Douglas

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia

John-Sebastian Eden

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Edward C. Holmes

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

edward.holmes@sydney.edu.au (ECH); poinarh@mcmaster.ca (HNP)

Affiliation Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Hendrik N. Poinar

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

edward.holmes@sydney.edu.au (ECH); poinarh@mcmaster.ca (HNP)

Affiliations McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research and the Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.