About the Authors

Gustavo H. Kijak

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

gustavokijak@gmail.com

Current address: GSK Vaccines, Rockville, MD, United States of America

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Eric Sanders-Buell

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Agnes-Laurence Chenine

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Michael A. Eller

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Nilu Goonetilleke

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America

Rasmi Thomas

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Sivan Leviyang

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America

Elizabeth A. Harbolick

Roles Investigation, Methodology

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Meera Bose

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Phuc Pham

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Celina Oropeza

Roles Investigation

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Kultida Poltavee

Roles Investigation

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Anne Marie O’Sullivan

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Erik Billings

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Melanie Merbah

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Margaret C. Costanzo

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Joanna A. Warren

Roles Investigation

Affiliation School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America

Bonnie Slike

Roles Investigation

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Hui Li

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Kristina K. Peachman

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Will Fischer

Roles Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States of America

Feng Gao

Roles Conceptualization

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America

Claudia Cicala

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology

Affiliation Laboratory of Immunoregulation National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

James Arthos

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology

Affiliation Laboratory of Immunoregulation National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Leigh A. Eller

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Robert J. O’Connell

Roles Resources, Supervision

Affiliation Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand

Samuel Sinei

Roles Resources

Affiliation Walter Reed Project, Kericho, Kenya

Lucas Maganga

Roles Resources

Affiliation Mbeya Medical Research Programme, Mbeya, Tanzania

Hannah Kibuuka

Roles Resources

Affiliation Makerere University-Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda

Sorachai Nitayaphan

Roles Resources

Affiliation Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand

Mangala Rao

Roles Conceptualization

Affiliation U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America

Mary A. Marovich

Roles Conceptualization

Affiliation Vaccine Research Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America

Shelly J. Krebs

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Morgane Rolland

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Bette T. Korber

Roles Methodology, Software

Affiliation Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States of America

George M. Shaw

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Nelson L. Michael

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America

Merlin L. Robb

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Writing – original draft

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Sodsai Tovanabutra

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Jerome H. Kim

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – original draft

Current address: International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea

Affiliation U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America

Competing Interests

GHK is currently an employee of GSK Vaccines, Rockville, MD. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.