About the Authors

Hussein M. Abkallo

Contributed equally to this work with: Hussein M. Abkallo, Axel Martinelli, Megumi Inoue

Affiliations Malaria Unit, Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Axel Martinelli

Contributed equally to this work with: Hussein M. Abkallo, Axel Martinelli, Megumi Inoue

Affiliations Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

Megumi Inoue

Contributed equally to this work with: Hussein M. Abkallo, Axel Martinelli, Megumi Inoue

Affiliations Malaria Unit, Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Abhinay Ramaprasad

Affiliation Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

Phonepadith Xangsayarath

Affiliations Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Department of Protozooolgy, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Jesse Gitaka

Affiliations Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Department of Protozooolgy, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Centre for Malaria Elimination, School of Medicine, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya

Jianxia Tang

Affiliation Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Jiangsu, China

Kazuhide Yahata

Affiliations Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Department of Protozooolgy, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Augustin Zoungrana

Affiliation Malaria Unit, Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Hayato Mitaka

Affiliation Malaria Unit, Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Arita Acharjee

Affiliation Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur - 741 246, West Bengal, India

Partha P. Datta

Affiliation Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur - 741 246, West Bengal, India

Paul Hunt

Affiliation Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Richard Carter

Affiliation Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Osamu Kaneko

Affiliations Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Department of Protozooolgy, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Ville Mustonen

Current address: Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Christopher J. R. Illingworth

Chris.illingworth@gen.cam.ac.uk (CJRI); arnab.pain@kaust.edu.sa (AP); richard@nagasaki-u.ac.jp (RC)

Affiliations Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Arnab Pain

Chris.illingworth@gen.cam.ac.uk (CJRI); arnab.pain@kaust.edu.sa (AP); richard@nagasaki-u.ac.jp (RC)

Affiliations Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

Richard Culleton

Chris.illingworth@gen.cam.ac.uk (CJRI); arnab.pain@kaust.edu.sa (AP); richard@nagasaki-u.ac.jp (RC)

Affiliation Malaria Unit, Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: RCu RCa AP CJRI VM PH. Data curation: AP AR AM CJRI. Formal analysis: CJRI PH AM AP AR VM AA PPD. Funding acquisition: RCu AP. Investigation: HMA MI AR PX JG JT AZ HM KY OK. Methodology: CJRI PH AM RCu RCa HMA AP. Project administration: RCu AP CJRI. Resources: OK RCa. Software: CJRI VM AM AR AP. Supervision: RCu AP CJRI. Validation: CJRI AR. Visualization: RCu AM AP AA PPD CJRI. Writing – original draft: AM RCu AP CJRI HMA OK KY. Writing – review & editing: HMA AM MI AR PX JG JT KY AZ HM AA PPD PH OK VM RCa CJRI AP RCu.