About the Authors

Geelsu Hwang

Affiliation Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Yuan Liu

Affiliation Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Dongyeop Kim

Affiliation Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Yong Li

Affiliation Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Damian J. Krysan

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America

Hyun Koo

koohy@upenn.edu

Affiliation Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: GH HK. Data curation: GH HK. Formal analysis: GH HK. Funding acquisition: GH HK. Investigation: GH YLiu DK YLi. Methodology: GH HK. Project administration: GH HK. Resources: GH DJK HK. Supervision: HK. Validation: GH DJK HK. Visualization: GH. Writing – original draft: GH. Writing – review & editing: GH DJK HK.