About the Authors

Qian Qi

Contributed equally to this work with: Qian Qi, Mary M. Cavanagh, Sabine Le Saux

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Medicine, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Mary M. Cavanagh

Contributed equally to this work with: Qian Qi, Mary M. Cavanagh, Sabine Le Saux

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Medicine, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Sabine Le Saux

Contributed equally to this work with: Qian Qi, Mary M. Cavanagh, Sabine Le Saux

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Medicine, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Lisa E. Wagar

Affiliation Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Sally Mackey

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics-Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Jinyu Hu

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Medicine, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Holden Maecker

Affiliation Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Gary E. Swan

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Mark M. Davis

Affiliation Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Cornelia L. Dekker

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics-Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Lu Tian

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Cornelia M. Weyand

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Medicine, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Jörg J. Goronzy

jgoronzy@stanford.edu

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Medicine, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: QQ MMC SLS CMW LT JJG. Performed the experiments: QQ MMC SLS HM LEW. Analyzed the data: QQ MMC LT JJG JH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MMD. Wrote the paper: QQ CMW LT JJG. Study participants recruitment and vaccination: SM GES CLD.