About the Authors

Korey R. Demers

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

George Makedonas

Current address: Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics Texas Children’s Hospital, Feigin Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Marcus Buggert

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinksa University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden

Michael A. Eller

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Sarah J. Ratcliffe

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Nilu Goonetilleke

Current address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Affiliation Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England

Chris K. Li

Affiliation Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England

Leigh Anne Eller

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Kathleen Rono

Affiliation Walter Reed Project-Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kericho, Kenya

Lucas Maganga

Affiliation Mbeya Medical Research Centre, Mbeya, Tanzania

Sorachai Nitayaphan

Affiliation Department of Retrovirology, United States Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMC-AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand

Hannah Kibuuka

Affiliation Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda

Jean-Pierre Routy

Affiliation Division of Hematology & Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada

Mark K. Slifka

Affiliation Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America

Barton F. Haynes

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Andrew J. McMichael

Affiliation NDM Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Nicole F. Bernard

Affiliation Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada

Merlin L. Robb

Affiliations U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Michael R. Betts

betts@mail.med.upenn.edu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KRD GM MB NG MRB. Performed the experiments: KRD GM MB. Analyzed the data: KRD SJR MRB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MAE NG CKL LAE KR LM SN HK JPR MKS BFH AJM NFB MLR. Wrote the paper: KRD MRB.