About the Authors

Stephanie Pfaender

Contributed equally to this work with: Stephanie Pfaender, Elena Grabski

Current address: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Federal Department of Home Affairs, Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland

Affiliation Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany

Elena Grabski

Contributed equally to this work with: Stephanie Pfaender, Elena Grabski

Affiliation Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany

Claudia N. Detje

Affiliation Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany

Nina Riebesehl

Affiliation Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany

Stefan Lienenklaus

Affiliations Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany, Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

Eike Steinmann

Affiliation Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany

Ulrich Kalinke

ulrich.kalinke@twincore.de (UK); Thomas.Pietschmann@twincore.de (TP)

Affiliation Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany

Thomas Pietschmann

ulrich.kalinke@twincore.de (UK); Thomas.Pietschmann@twincore.de (TP)

Affiliation Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SP EG SL ES UK TP. Performed the experiments: SP EG CND NR. Analyzed the data: SP EG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: UK TP. Wrote the paper: SP UK TP.