About the Authors

Steven R. Parratt

steven.parratt@helsinki.fi

Current address: Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Affiliation Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Crystal L. Frost

Affiliation Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Martijn A. Schenkel

Current address: Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Affiliation Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Annabel Rice

Current address: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

Affiliation Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Gregory D. D. Hurst

Contributed equally to this work with: Gregory D. D. Hurst, Kayla C. King

Affiliation Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Kayla C. King

Contributed equally to this work with: Gregory D. D. Hurst, Kayla C. King

Current address: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Affiliation Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SRP CLF KCK GDDH MAS. Performed the experiments: SRP CLF MAS AR KCK GDDH. Analyzed the data: SRP CLF MAS. Wrote the paper: SRP CLF MAS AR KCK GDDH.