About the Authors

Yasuha Arai

Affiliations Department of Viral infection, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

Norihito Kawashita

Affiliations Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Tomo Daidoji

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

Madiha S. Ibrahim

Affiliations Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt

Emad M. El-Gendy

Affiliations Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt

Tatsuya Takagi

Affiliations Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Kazuo Takahashi

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Examination, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi, Japan

Yasuo Suzuki

Affiliation Health Science Hills, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Aichi, Japan

Kazuyoshi Ikuta

Affiliation Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Takaaki Nakaya

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

Tatsuo Shioda

Affiliation Department of Viral infection, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Yohei Watanabe

nabe@biken.osaka-u.ac.jp

Affiliations Department of Viral infection, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YA YW. Performed the experiments: YA NK YW. Analyzed the data: YA NK TD MSI EMEG TT KT YS KI TN TS YW. Wrote the paper: YA YW.